Slight alterations to the overall tuning can be made by using barrels of varying length. The clarinet is composed of five parts: the beak-shaped mouthpiece with a single reed, the barrel (or socket), a piece of tube that bulges like a barrel, the upper joint (left-hand joint), the lower joint (right-hand joint) and the funnel-shaped bell. In the USA there are clarinet-only orchestras, in which the more common instruments are joined by the alto clarinet (in Eb) and the contrabass clarinet (in Bb). In marching bands and wind bands, in which the clarinet is the most important woodwind, high clarinets in F and Ab are also played. In the orchestra clarinets in A and C are used, as are the small clarinet (in Eb or D), the basset horn in F and the bass clarinet in Bb. The clarinet in Bb, a soprano woodwind instrument, is the most commonly used in the clarinet family. The clarinet is the most recent addition to the woodwind family (flute, oboe, bassoon, clarinet) and was the last woodwind to be integrated into the symphony orchestra (during the period of "Viennese Classicism" in the 2nd half of the 18th century). Keys/tone holes: 24 tone holes German (Oehler clarinet) or French keywork (Boehm clarinet).Tube: Mainly cylindrical, barrel-shaped bulge below the mouthpiece (barrel).Mouthpiece: Beak-shaped mouthpiece made of ebonite or cocus wood with a single reed (width up to 12.5 mm, material: arundo donax).Material: Tube: Ebonite or grenadilla or metal keywork: nickel silver, brass, silver or gold.Classification: Aerophone, single-reed instrument, woodwind.
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